Cachexia

Questions for the group; a record documents "patient appears cachectic".
Physical exam notes muscle wasting and scaphoid abdomen. Patient has
documented unintentional weight loss of > 10% of body weight over 3
months. There is no documentation of malnutrition. Patient has multiple
comorbidities, including COPD, ESRD on hemodialysis, chronic systolic
HF, mechanical mitral valve.



* With the existing documentation, would you code cachexia?

* Would you query for a malnutrition diagnosis? If so, which
one?







Cathy L. Seluke, RN, BSN, ACM, CCDS

Supervisor Clinical Documentation Compliance

MaineGeneral Medical Center

Augusta and Waterville, Maine

P. 207.872.1796

F. 207.872.1594

Cathy.Seluke@mainegeneral.org

Comments

  • edited May 2016
    I don't know about the coding, but I would query for the signs and
    symptoms and ask if they are clinically significant, and if so can a
    diagnosis be provided. I wouldn't query for malnutrition unless it was
    already documented by a dietician or the provider. It may be considered
    leading otherwise, but that's me.



    Robert



    Robert S. Hodges, BSN, MSN, RN, CCDS

    Clinical Documentation Improvement Specialist

    Aleda E. Lutz VAMC



    Mail Code 136

    1500 Weiss Street

    Saginaw MI 48602



    P: 989-497-2500 x13101

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    E: Robert.Hodges2@va.gov



    "Patriotism is easy to understand in America; it means looking out for
    yourself by looking out for your country" Calvin Coolidge



  • edited May 2016
    Actually malnutrition is documented by the clinical dietician. Forgot to
    mention that. I meant no malnutrition diagnosis is documented by the
    "practitioner".







    Cathy L. Seluke, RN, BSN, ACM, CCDS

    Supervisor Clinical Documentation Compliance

    MaineGeneral Medical Center

    Augusta and Waterville, Maine

    P. 207.872.1796

    F. 207.872.1594

    Cathy.Seluke@mainegeneral.org

  • edited May 2016
    Well, in that case I would query for malnutrition, based on the
    dieticians documentation, ask if their assessment is clinically
    significant and if so can they provide a diagnosis and the level of
    severity (mild, moderate, severe, unable to determine, other). The query
    form we have has the adult malnutrition guidelines on them so the
    provider knows what moderate and severe means. Of course I'm lucky that
    my dieticians document "moderate to severe" or "mild" nutritional risk
    and then the stage of the nutritional injury. All of which I include in
    my query.



    Robert

    Robert S. Hodges, BSN, MSN, RN, CCDS

    Clinical Documentation Improvement Specialist

    Aleda E. Lutz VAMC



    Mail Code 136

    1500 Weiss Street

    Saginaw MI 48602



    P: 989-497-2500 x13101

    F: 989-321-4912

    E: Robert.Hodges2@va.gov



    "Patriotism is easy to understand in America; it means looking out for
    yourself by looking out for your country" Calvin Coolidge



  • edited May 2016
    BMI was 19.9. Nutrition assessment documents “grade 1 malnutrition”







    Cathy L. Seluke, RN, BSN, ACM, CCDS

    Supervisor Clinical Documentation Compliance

    MaineGeneral Medical Center

    Augusta and Waterville, Maine

    P. 207.872.1796

    F. 207.872.1594

    Cathy.Seluke@mainegeneral.org

  • edited May 2016
    Based on the 10% weight loss over 3 months it could be moderate to severe. It really is the providers call though.



    Robert



    VA Core Values: Integrity, Commitment, Advocacy, Respect, Excellence (“I CARE”)

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    "The difference between the right word and the almost right word is the difference between lightning and the lightning bug." Samuel "Mark Twain" Clemens



  • edited May 2016
    I have also copied the malnutrition guidelines from Merck Manual as a reference for the physician when giving the clinical indicators.

    Paula Rector, RHIT, CCDS

  • edited May 2016
    Interesting. Some of our coders do not want to pick up cachexia with malnutrition. When I put it in the encoder as cachexia I am asked
    cachexia with:______ if you pick malnutrition, severe, protein calorie codes for both come up with no exclusions listed.

    The coding guidelines in the ICD-9 book say "additional signs and symptoms that may not be associated routinely with a disease process should be coded when present."

    So the question is: who makes the determination of whether the sign/symptom is routinely associated with a disease process? I have gone round and round with cholecystitis and jaundice. Some coders feel very strongly that jaundice is routinely associated with gallbladder disease and all liver diseases.

    I will be interested to see what others have to say.




    Charlene Thiry RN, BSN, CPC, CCDS
    Clinical Documentation Specialist
    Quality Resources
    Menorah Medical Center


  • edited May 2016
    Hi Dawn,
    We have never heard that information before. You can have someone who is malnourished, but not cachectic- for example the pt who eats junk food all day or has a malabsorption disease . We code both from a CDI and a coding perspective.
    When you enter cachexia, the encoder does ask if it is associated with malnutrition. If you select any of the malnutritions, it still codes both.
    I could not find any coding clinic that excludes the cachexia.

    Thanks,
    Linda


    Linda Rhodes RN, BSN, CCDS
    Manager Clinical Documentation Improvement
    New Hanover Regional Medical Center
    Wilmington, North Carolina
    Office # 910-815-5544
    Cell " 910-777-8344
    e-mail : linda.rhodes@nhrmc.org
  • I would be prudent with the assignment of codes reporting severe types of malnutrition that produce an MCC.

    1. The coding of severe forms of malnutrition has been controversial - there have been providers in the State of California that have reported 262 and 261 at higher levels that would be expected, and this has raised questions from 3rd parties.

    2. The 'new' query practice brief issued by AHIMA and ACDIS imposes a duty upon CDI and Coding Professionals to 'vet' key diagnostic terms.


    AHA Coding Clinic for ICD-9-CM, 1Q 2013, Volume 30, Number 1, Pages 3-17

    Question:
    Can we report the code for emaciation (code 261), if the physician only documents emaciated? Some
    coders do not feel that it is appropriate to report code 261, Nutritional marasmus, for the diagnosis
    of emaciated, since there is no specific index entry for emaciated. Other coders feel that “emaciation”
    and “emaciated” are the same conditions, and therefore, code 261 is appropriate for the diagnosis of
    emaciated. This code assignment can be located under:
    Emaciation (due to malnutrition) 261

    Answer:
    No, it is not correct to assign code 261, Nutritional marasmus, if the physician only documents
    emaciated or emaciation without the documentation of “malnutrition.” Assign code 799.4, Cachexia,
    for a diagnosis of emaciated/emaciation. If the provider intended to describe malnutrition, then it
    should be documented as such. Marasmus is a type of protein-energy malnutrition that is caused by
    a severe calorie deficiency, mostly occurring in young children. Whereas, emaciated is a descriptive
    term, meaning unusually thin due to wasting. Although the Index currently refers to code 261, a
    basic rule of coding is that further research is done if the title of the code suggested by the Index
    does not identify the condition correctly. Because of the code-set freeze in effect, and the limited
    time in which ICD-9-CMwill remain, no revisions can be made to the Index entry for emaciation.

    Paul Evans, RHIA, CCS, CCS-P, CCDS
     
    Manager, Regional Clinical Documentation & Coding Integrity
    Sutter West Bay
    633 Folsom St., 7th Floor, Office 7-044
    San Francisco, CA 94107
    Cell:  415.637.9002
    Fax:  415.600.1325
    Ofc:  415.600.3739
    evanspx@sutterhealth.org

  • edited May 2016
    Hi Charlene,

    Conditions documented may include symptoms which are an integral part of the
    disease process and should NOT be coded. HOWEVER, certain symptoms
    represent important problems in medical care and it might be desirable to
    classify them in addition to the known cause IF the condition is
    specifically addressed, either by additional diagnostic studies or
    therapeutic procedures, then an additional diagnosis code may be added. So
    if you can show the coder the additional resources or significance they
    might be more willing to report it. Also, it would really be good if you
    could get the additional documentation in the record stated as such but that
    might be harder to do to get the physician to provide that level of
    specificity. Hope this helps you..................

    Debra Beisel Denton, RHIA, CCS, CCDS


  • Our coders have never stated that they have a problem coding both Dx together.
    Just from a clinical standpoint, I would argue that cachexia is not inherent at all in protein calorie malnutrition. Most of our patients with protein calorie malnutrition (even severe) in this country probably still have BMI's that are >18.The American dietetic association (? I hope that’s right). Does not say that a patient must be underweight to qualify as having malnutrition. For this reason I do not think Cachexia is 'inherent' to malnutrition.
    I would may feel differently if we were talking about other types of malnutrition like Kwashiorkor however I do not know of any guidance that states you cannot code these two dx together.

    In the ICD-9 book under 'Cachexia' 799.4, it states 'Tip: assign an additional code for any associated malnutrition, if documented'.

    Katy Good, RN, BSN, CCDS, CCS
    Clinical Documentation Program Coordinator
    AHIMA Approved ICD-10CM/PCS Trainer
    Flagstaff Medical Center
    Kathryn.Good@nahealth.com
    Cell: 928.814.9404

  • edited May 2016
    OK, while we are on this subject, what do you all feel about reporting
    Cachexia 799.4 when the physical exam is only saying "cachexic appearing".
    Do you feel that is the same thing?

    Deb
  • edited May 2016
    Our coders will not pick it up if it is just mentioned in the PE, same as they will not pick up anything the physician lists while give test/lab results.

    One could ask for the clinical significance of the cachexia.



    Charlene Thiry RN, BSN, CPC, CCDS
    Clinical Documentation Specialist
    Quality Resources
    Menorah Medical Center


  • edited May 2016
    Cachexia is not integral to malnutrition.... you can be malnourished with a BMI of 60 and you are certainly not cachectic. I fought this same case 2 years ago and our external coding auditors agreed with me.

    If you have the 3M Encoder, here is a good way to view this one: type cachexia, then "due to malnutrition"... you actually get 7994, cachexia. ") If you specify the malnutrition as due to "other circumstance"...then choose the severity of the malnutrition (any), you get both codes!!= malnutrition and cachexia.

    My thought on the jaundice code... if jaundice was integral to all liver conditions and all chole issues... we wouldn't need the code for jaundice on the adult side. When jaundice appears, you usually have a higher severity of illness because the underlying condition has progress past the point of an ordinary case of gallstones or cirrhosis-likely end organ failure. Your system can't filter out the waste.... so it stores it... in your skin, sclera, etc. I had a patient once when I was a case manager that was the color of a school bus! He said he was hoping Crayola would name a new crayon color after him. Sweet man... he passed away not long after I had the honor of meeting him.

    Vicki S. Davis, RN CDS
    Clinical Documentation Improvement Manager
    Health Information Management Department
    Cone Health at Alamance Regional
    Office (336) 586-3765
    Ascom Mobile (336) 586-4191
    Fax (336) 538-7428
    vdavis2@armc.com


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